Phytochemistry and ethnomedicinal qualities of metabolites from <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.: A review

Phyllanthus emblica or Indian gooseberry is an integrated part of Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicines. For several decades, the well-known ancient herb has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine to cure diseases like fever, diabetes, constipation, jaundice, ulcers, biliousness, anemia, anorexia, and dyspepsia. In the traditional system, Indian gooseberry has various ethnomedicinal applications. In the Ayurvedic system, different methods of administration (anupan) have shown different ethnomedicinal properties of Indian gooseberry. Seventy well-known chemical components in Indian gooseberry have been identified through phytochemical evaluation, among which the flavonoids and phenols are most prominent. From the toxicity perspective, it is considered a safe herb in India, and is taken as a food supplement in European countries. The wide-spectrum pharmacological activities of the crude extracts and isolates of Indian gooseberry are attributed to the predominance of phenols and flavonoids. Thus, it is important to study the exact mechanism of the activity of the phytochemicals in Indian gooseberry, especially in anti-cancer activities. Extract of Indian gooseberry enhances proliferation in several cancer cells in vitro, including stem cells like ovarian cancer (OC) cells, and also has been observed to possess anti-proliferative characteristics in vivo. This review intends to explore the therapeutic potential of Indian gooseberry based on scientific reports and attempts to find the gaps for future research.     

DNACDS: Cloud IoE big data security and accessing scheme based on DNA cryptography

The Internet of Everything (IoE) based cloud computing is one of the most prominent areas in the digital big data world. This approach allows efficient infrastructure to store and access big real-time data and smart IoE services from the cloud. The IoE-based cloud computing services are located at remote locations without the control of the data owner. The data owners mostly depend on the untrusted Cloud Service Provider (CSP) and do not know the implemented security capabilities. The lack of knowledge about security capabilities and control over data raises several security issues. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) computing is a biological concept that can improve the security of IoE big data. The IoE big data security scheme consists of the Station-to-Station Key Agreement Protocol (StS KAP) and Feistel cipher algorithms. This paper proposed a DNA-based cryptographic scheme and access control model (DNACDS) to solve IoE big data security and access issues. The experimental results illustrated that DNACDS performs better than other DNA-based security schemes. The theoretical security analysis of the DNACDS shows better resistance capabilities.     

<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> as an indispensable model to decipher the mode of action of neurotoxic compounds

Exposure to some toxic compounds causes structural and behavioral anomalies associated with the neurons in the later stage of life. Those toxic compounds are termed as a neurotoxicant, which can be a physical factor, a toxin, an infection, radiation, or maybe a drug. The incongruities caused due to a neurotoxicant further depend on the toxicity of the compound. More importantly, the neurotoxicity of the compound is associated with the concentration and the time point of exposure. The neurodevelopmental defect appears depending on the toxicity of the compound. A neurodevelopmental defect may be associated with a delay in developmental time, defective growth, structural abnormality of many organs, including sensory organs, behavioral abnormalities, or death in the fetus stage. Numerous model organisms are employed to assess the effect of neurotoxicants. The current review summarizes several methods used to check the effect of neurotoxicant and their effect using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.